Wellcome
The secret of the Universe is inside the electron.
A STUDY OF ENERGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS.
SPACE TEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF ENERGY.
ABOUT THE SINGULARITIES IN BLACK HOLES. “THE GARBAGE DISPOSERS”.
A B S T R A C T S
RELEVANT GONZALO A. MORENO MILESTONES
- Vacuum as a 3-d BCC quantum vacuum manifold. Derivation of the Wien and Hubble constants. Topological derivation of the fine-structure constant (a) and electron mass.
- Length-mass equivalence: s=(Gεμ)∙m.
- Vacuum inductance: L
o
=Ω
o
t
p
/2π.
- Prediction of Hubble Constant values spaced by 4,17 Km·s
-1
·Mpc
-1
.
. . .
(Ω
o
=√(μ
o
/ε
o
) vacuum impedance ; t
p
h
= Planck time).
… more and details in papers …
VACUUM AS A THREE-DIMENSIONAL LATTICE OF RLC CELLS. DERIVATION OF THE WIEN AND HUBBLE
CONSTANTS AND RELATION TO THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND (CMB) AND THE COSMIC
INFRARED BACKGROUND (CIB).
Citation:
G. A. Moreno, Physics Essays 39, 1, 99-106, 2026. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-39.1.099
Vacuum
as
a
Three-Dimensional
Lattice
of
RLC
Cells.
Derivation
of
the
Wien
and
Hubble
Constants
and
Relation
to
the
Cosmic
Microwave
Background (CMB) and the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB).
The
cosmological
displacement
of
spectral
lines
observed
in
cosmic
sources
is
conventionally
attributed
to
their
relative
velocities.
Nevertheless,
this
model
evaluates
the
Hubble
constant
by
considering
that
the
propagation
of
time-varying
electric
and
magnetic
fields
through
the
mathematical
structure
of
the
vacuum
can
itself
produce
a
spectral
redshift.
To
this
end,
the
model
describes
the
vacuum
as
a
three-dimensional
lattice
of
coupled
RLC
nodes
in
resonance.
Each
cell
functions
as
a
discrete
harmonic
oscillator
with
quantized
energy
levels.
This
network
of
discrete
components
supports
electromagnetic
propagation
in
a
manner
characterized
by
its
frequency.
Within
this
framework,
Wien's
displacement
constant
arises
naturally,
providing
it
with
a
robust
physical
foundation,
while
the
analysis
also
enables
an
examination
of
the
vacuum’s
structure.
By
applying
the
model
to
a
sample
of
galaxies
and
quasars,
it
reveals
a
possible
connection
between
the
CMB
and
the
CIB,
as
well
as
discrepancies
in
the
conventional distance estimates to certain quasars. Furthermore, the model suggests possible quantized values of H
0
spaced by 4.17 km s
-1
Mpc
-1
.
The
vacuum
as
a
resonant
network
of
discrete
RLC
cells
not
only
provides
a
physical
derivation
of
the
Wien
and
Hubble
constants,
but
also
implies
that
such
a
deformable
lattice
could
accommodate
local
space-time
curvature
and
expansion.
This
perspective
positions
the
structured
vacuum
as
a
promising
framework
for
bridging
cosmology
with particle physics.
Citation:
G. A. Moreno, Physics Essays 39, 1, 99-106, 2026. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-39.1.099
. . Paper . .
..letter
TOPOLOGICAL DERIVATION OF THE FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT FROM A DISCRETE BCC QUANTUM
VACUUM MANIFOLD.
Citation: G. A. Moreno, preprint, Zenodo, version 5 (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23737856
..PREPRINT
ELECTRON MASS GENERATION FROM A DISCRETE BCC QUANTUM VACUUM MANIFOLD AT THE PLANCK
SCALE. A PREDICTION FOR THE NEWTONIAN CONSTANT OF GRAVITATION.
Citation:
NEXT
A Study of Energy and its Implications.
Space Temporal Structure of Energy.
“Time
is
considered
like
a
flow,
as
a
growing
magnitude
that
advances
inexorably
carrying
every
possible
event,
disappearing
its
trace
and
assuring
its
continuity
through
the
predictable
future.
But
past
and
future
are
not
more
than
unreal
forms,
so
are
they
undisputed
proofs
of
the
time
existence?
Can
be
past
and
future
like
energetic
instant
states
inside a characteristic process of energetic variation that we observe as
time passage
?”
The
development
of
the
initial
equations
shows
the
space
like
a
mathematical
way
that
possesses
all
the
necessary
characteristics
for
the
development
and
formation
of
any
observable
real
process.
The
vacuum,
defined
mathematically
through
the
magnitude
length
characterized
by
the
equation
“
s=(Gεμ)∙m
”,
allows
itself
the
existence
of
processess
with
energetic
transmission
as
the
electromagnetic
radiation,
the
formation
of
matter
defined
by
some
properties
as
mass
and
electrical
charge
across
the
spatial
curvature, and assures the constancy of light velocity with independence from the velocity of the reference system.
The
evolution
of
the
initial
hypotheses
bears
to
the
known
consequences
in
development
of
the
special
relativity
theory
and
relates
general
relativity
with
the
elemental
particles
across
the
spatial
curvature
and
its
relation
with
a
constant
force
value
F=c
4
/G
and
Planck
length,
time,
mass
and
energy
values,
all
implied
in
the
inertial
feature
so
called
mass
and
also
in
the
electrical
charge
property.
The
constant
relation
E/m
=
c
2
is
associated
to
volume
through
the
above
mentioned
constant
force
and
tension,
and
the
values already defined by Planck appear interpreted as a "coupling" between length
s=x
and Compton's wave length
λ
according to the deduced equation
λx=Gh/c
3
.
. . Paper . .
ADDITIONAL LINKS:
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. John Huchra
.
https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~dfabricant/huchra/ ; https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~dfabricant/huchra/hubble.plot.dat
All material included in this web can be used under source citation.
Thanks for your reading!
Topological Derivation of the Fine-Structure Constant from a Discrete BCC Quantum Vacuum Manifold.
A
structured
vacuum
at
the
Planck
scale
not
only
provides
a
framework
consistent
with
standard
physics,
but
also
makes
it
possible
to
attribute
physical
meaning
to
fundamental
constants.
Here,
we
show
that
the
fine-structure
constant
(α)
can
be
represented
within
a
discrete
vacuum
modeled
as
a
body-centered
cubic
(BCC)
lattice
of
resonant
resistance-inductance-capacitance
(RLC)
nodes.
This
framework
allows
α
to
be
expressed
in
terms
of
topological
and
combinatorial
considerations,
based
on
the
lattice
Green’s
function
(Watson
integral)
and
the
information-density
bounds
of
the
local
BCC
environment.
By
evaluating
these
geometric
parameters,
we
calculate
a
theoretical
value
α
=
7.2973525649
×
10
−3
.
This
result
deviates
by
only
0.54σ
from
the
CODATA
2022
recommended
value.
Crucially,
the
model’s
prediction
agrees
with
the
latest
high-precision
determination
from
the
Harvard-Northwestern
electron
magnetic
moment
measurement
to
all
digits
shown,
within
the
quoted
uncertainty,
placing
the
present result at the level of current metrological precision.
Citation:
G. A. Moreno, preprint, Zenodo, version 5 (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23737856
.
. . Paper (preprint) . .
Electron Mass Generation from a Discrete BCC Quantum Vacuum Manifold at the Planck Scale. A Prediction for the Newtonian Constant of
Gravitation.
NEXT
We
formulate
a
topological-statistical
mechanism
for
determining
Newton's
gravitational
constant
G,
building
on
our
previous
topological
representation
of
the
fine-structure
constant
a
within
the
mathematical
framework
of
the
lattice
Green's
function
(LGF)
for
a
quantum
vacuum
modeled
as
a
body-centered
cubic
(BCC)
lattice
at
the
Planck
scale.
An
extension
of
the
role
of
the
topological
phase
parameter
F
entering
the
definition
of
a
in
this
discrete
framework
leads
to
a
proposed
mechanism
for
electron
mass
generation,
analogous
to
the
relation
between
the
nodal
charge
and
the
elementary
electric
charge.
By
inverting
the
resulting
electron-mass
relation
and
using
the
CODATA
2022
values
of
the
fine-structure
constant
and
the
electron
rest
mass,
we
obtain
G
=
6.674183(20)
10
-11
m
3
kg
-1
s
-2
.
These
results
suggest
that
a
structured
vacuum
at
the
Planck
scale
may
provide
not
only
a
framework
conceptually
compatible
with
spacetime
deformation
in
general
relativity
(GR)
and
with
the
charge-coupling
relation
used
in
quantum
electrodynamics
(QED),
but
also
a
topological
mechanism
that
accounts
for
the
universality
of
fundamental
constants
and
intrinsic
particle
properties.
Finally,
a
complementary extension relates the electron rest mass to the masses of the muon and tau leptons.
Citation:
NEXT
. . Paper (preprint) . .
TOPOLOGICAL DERIVATION OF THE FINE-STRUCTURE
CONSTANT FROM A DISCRETE BCC QUANTUM VACUUM
MANIFOLD.
Citation: G. A. Moreno, preprint, Zenodo, version 5 (2026).
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23737856
Welcome
The secret of the Universe is inside the electron.
VACUUM AS A THREE-DIMENSIONAL LATTICE OF RLC CELLS.
DERIVATION OF THE WIEN AND HUBBLE CONSTANTS AND
RELATION TO THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND (CMB)
AND THE COSMIC INFRARED BACKGROUND (CIB).
Citation: G. A. Moreno, Physics Essays 39, 1, 99-106, 2026.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-39.1.099
Welcome
The secret of the Universe is inside the electron.
VACUUM AS A THREE-DIMENSIONAL LATTICE OF RLC CELLS. DERIVATION OF THE WIEN AND
HUBBLE CONSTANTS AND RELATION TO THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND (CMB) AND THE
COSMIC INFRARED BACKGROUND (CIB).
Citation:
G. A. Moreno, Physics Essays 39, 1, 99-106, 2026. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-39.1.099
ABOUT THE SINGULARITIES IN BLACK HOLES. “THE GARBAGE DISPOSERS”.
A STUDY OF ENERGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS.
SPACE TEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF ENERGY.
A B S T R A C T S
RELEVANT GONZALO A. MORENO MILESTONES
- Vacuum as a 3-d BCC quantum vacuum manifold. Derivation of the Wien and Hubble constants. Topological derivation of the fine-structure constant (a) and
electron mass.
- Length-mass equivalence: s=(Gεμ)∙m.
- Vacuum inductance: L
o
=Ω
o
t
p
/2π.
- Prediction of Hubble Constant values spaced by 4,17 Km·s
-1
·Mpc
-1
.
. . .
(Ω
o
=√(μ
o
/ε
o
) vacuum impedance ; t
p
h
= Planck time).
… more and details in papers …
Vacuum
as
a
Three-Dimensional
Lattice
of
RLC
Cells.
Derivation
of
the
Wien
and
Hubble
Constants
and
Relation
to
the
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB).
The
cosmological
displacement
of
spectral
lines
observed
in
cosmic
sources
is
conventionally
attributed
to
their
relative
velocities.
Nevertheless,
this
model
evaluates
the
Hubble
constant
by
considering
that
the
propagation
of
time-varying
electric
and
magnetic
fields
through
the
mathematical
structure
of
the
vacuum
can
itself
produce
a
spectral
redshift.
To
this
end,
the
model
describes
the
vacuum
as
a
three-
dimensional
lattice
of
coupled
RLC
nodes
in
resonance.
Each
cell
functions
as
a
discrete
harmonic
oscillator
with
quantized
energy
levels.
This
network
of
discrete
components
supports
electromagnetic
propagation
in
a
manner
characterized
by
its
frequency.
Within
this
framework,
Wien's
displacement
constant
arises
naturally,
providing
it
with
a
robust
physical
foundation,
while
the
analysis
also
enables
an
examination
of
the
vacuum’s
structure.
By
applying
the
model
to
a
sample
of
galaxies
and
quasars,
it
reveals
a
possible
connection
between
the
CMB
and
the
CIB,
as
well
as
discrepancies
in
the
conventional
distance
estimates
to
certain
quasars.
Furthermore,
the
model
suggests
possible
quantized
values
of
H
0
spaced by 4.17 km s
-1
Mpc
-1
.
The
vacuum
as
a
resonant
network
of
discrete
RLC
cells
not
only
provides
a
physical
derivation
of
the
Wien
and
Hubble
constants,
but
also
implies
that
such
a
deformable
lattice
could
accommodate
local
space-time
curvature
and
expansion.
This
perspective
positions
the
structured
vacuum as a promising framework for bridging cosmology with particle physics.
Citation:
G. A. Moreno, Physics Essays 39, 1, 99-106, 2026. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-39.1.099
. . Paper . .
A Study of Energy and its Implications.
Space Temporal Structure of Energy.
“Time
is
considered
like
a
flow,
as
a
growing
magnitude
that
advances
inexorably
carrying
every
possible
event,
disappearing
its
trace
and
assuring
its
continuity
through
the
predictable
future.
But
past
and
future
are
not
more
than
unreal
forms,
so
are
they
undisputed
proofs
of
the
time
existence?
Can
be
past
and
future
like
energetic
instant
states
inside
a
characteristic
process
of
energetic
variation
that
we
observe
as
time
passage
?”
The
development
of
the
initial
equations
shows
the
space
like
a
mathematical
way
that
possesses
all
the
necessary
characteristics
for
the
development
and
formation
of
any
observable
real
process.
The
vacuum,
defined
mathematically
through
the
magnitude
length
characterized
by
the
equation
“
s=(Gεμ)∙m
”,
allows
itself
the
existence
of
processess
with
energetic
transmission
as
the
electromagnetic
radiation,
the
formation
of
matter
defined
by
some
properties
as
mass
and
electrical
charge
across
the
spatial
curvature,
and
assures
the
constancy
of
light
velocity
with
independence from the velocity of the reference system.
The
evolution
of
the
initial
hypotheses
bears
to
the
known
consequences
in
development
of
the
special
relativity
theory
and
relates
general
relativity
with
the
elemental
particles
across
the
spatial
curvature
and
its
relation
with
a
constant
force
value
F=c
4
/G
and
Planck
length,
time,
mass
and
energy
values,
all
implied
in
the
inertial
feature
so
called
mass
and
also
in
the
electrical
charge
property.
The
constant
relation
E/m
=
c
2
is
associated
to
volume
through
the
above
mentioned
constant
force
and
tension,
and
the
values
already
defined
by
Planck
appear
interpreted
as
a
"coupling" between length
s=x
and Compton's wave length
λ
according to the deduced equation
λx=Gh/c
3
.
. . Paper . .
ADDITIONAL LINKS:
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. John Huchra [1]. Estimates of the Hubble´s constant.
https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~dfabricant/huchra/ ; https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~dfabricant/huchra/hubble.plot.dat
TOPOLOGICAL DERIVATION OF THE FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT FROM A DISCRETE BCC
QUANTUM VACUUM MANIFOLD.
Citation: G. A. Moreno, preprint, Zenodo, version 5 (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23737856
Topological Derivation of the Fine-Structure Constant from a Discrete BCC Quantum Vacuum Manifold.
A
structured
vacuum
at
the
Planck
scale
not
only
provides
a
framework
consistent
with
standard
physics,
but
also
makes
it
possible
to
attribute
physical
meaning
to
fundamental
constants.
Here,
we
show
that
the
fine-structure
constant
(α)
can
be
represented
within
a
discrete
vacuum
modeled
as
a
body-centered
cubic
(BCC)
lattice
of
resonant
resistance-inductance-capacitance
(RLC)
nodes.
This
framework
allows
α
to
be
expressed
in
terms
of
topological
and
combinatorial
considerations,
based
on
the
lattice
Green’s
function
(Watson
integral)
and
the
information-
density
bounds
of
the
local
BCC
environment.
By
evaluating
these
geometric
parameters,
we
calculate
a
theoretical
value
α
=
7.2973525649
×
10
−3
.
This
result
deviates
by
only
0.54σ
from
the
CODATA
2022
recommended
value.
Crucially,
the
model’s
prediction
agrees
with
the
latest
high-
precision
determination
from
the
Harvard-Northwestern
electron
magnetic
moment
measurement
to
all
digits
shown,
within
the
quoted
uncertainty,
placing the present result at the level of current metrological precision.
Citation:
G. A. Moreno, preprint, Zenodo, version 5 (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23737856
. . Paper (preprint) . .
..letter
ELECTRON MASS GENERATION FROM A DISCRETE BCC QUANTUM VACUUM MANIFOLD AT THE
PLANCK SCALE. A PREDICTION FOR THE NEWTONIAN CONSTANT OF GRAVITATION.
Citation:
NEXT
..PREPRINT
Electron
mass
generation
from
a
discrete
BCC
quantum
vacuum
manifold
at
the
Planck
scale.
A
prediction
for
the
Newtonian constant of gravitation.
NEXT
We
formulate
a
topological-statistical
mechanism
for
determining
Newton’s
gravitational
constant
G,
building
on
our
previous
topological
representation
of
the
fine-structure
constant
α
within
the
mathematical
framework
of
the
lattice
Green’s
function
(LGF)
for
a
quantum
vacuum
modeled
as
a
body-centered
cubic
(BCC)
lattice
at
the
Planck
scale.
An
extension
of
the
role
of
the
topological
phase
parameter
Φ
entering
the
definition
of
α
in
this
discrete
framework
leads
to
a
proposed
mechanism
for
electron
mass
generation,
analogous
to
the
relation
between
the
nodal
charge
and
the
elementary
electric
charge.
By
inverting
the
resulting
electron-mass
relation
and
using
the
CODATA
2022
values
of
the
fine-
structure
constant
and
the
electron
rest
mass,
we
obtain
G
=
6.674183(20)
×
10
−11
m
3
kg
−1
s
−2
.
These
results
suggest
that
a
structured
vacuum
at
the
Planck
scale
may
provide
not
only
a
framework
conceptually
compatible
with
spacetime
deformation
in
general
relativity
(GR)
and
with
the
charge-coupling
relation
used
in
quantum
electrodynamics
(QED),
but
also
a
topological
mechanism
that
accounts
for
the
universality
of
fundamental
constants
and
intrinsic
particle
properties.
Finally,
a
complementary
extension
relates
the
electron
rest
mass
to
the
masses
of
the
muon
and tau leptons.
Citation:
NEXT
. . Paper (preprint) . .
Wellcome
The secret of the Universe is inside the electron.
A B S T R A C T S
A STUDY OF ENERGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS.
SPACE TEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF ENERGY.
ABOUT THE SINGULARITIES IN BLACK HOLES. “THE GARBAGE DISPOSERS”.
RELEVANT GONZALO A. MORENO MILESTONES
- Vacuum as a 3-d BCC quantum vacuum manifold. Derivation of the Wien and Hubble constants. Topological derivation of the fine-structure constant (a) and electron mass.
- Length-mass equivalence: s=(Gεμ)∙m.
- Vacuum inductance: L
o
=Ω
o
t
p
/2π
- Prediction of Hubble Constant values spaced by 4,17 Km·s
-1
·Mpc
-1
.
. . .
(Ω
o
=√(μ
o
/ε
o
) vacuum impedance ; t
p
h
= Planck time).
… more and details in papers …
VACUUM AS A THREE-DIMENSIONAL LATTICE OF RLC CELLS. DERIVATION OF THE WIEN AND HUBBLE
CONSTANTS AND RELATION TO THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND (CMB) AND THE COSMIC
INFRARED BACKGROUND (CIB).
Citation:
G. A. Moreno, Physics Essays 39, 1, 99-106, 2026. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-39.1.099]
Vacuum as a Three-Dimensional Lattice of RLC Cells. Derivation of the Wien and Hubble Constants and Relation to the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and the Cosmic Infrared Background
(CIB).
The
cosmological
displacement
of
spectral
lines
observed
in
cosmic
sources
is
conventionally
attributed
to
their
relative
velocities.
Nevertheless,
this
model
evaluates
the
Hubble
constant
by
considering
that
the
propagation
of
time-
varying
electric
and
magnetic
fields
through
the
mathematical
structure
of
the
vacuum
can
itself
produce
a
spectral
redshift.
To
this
end,
the
model
describes
the
vacuum
as
a
three-dimensional
lattice
of
coupled
RLC
nodes
in
resonance.
Each
cell
functions
as
a
discrete
harmonic
oscillator
with
quantized
energy
levels.
This
network
of
discrete
components
supports
electromagnetic
propagation
in
a
manner
characterized
by
its
frequency.
Within
this
framework,
Wien's
displacement
constant
arises
naturally,
providing
it
with
a
robust
physical
foundation,
while
the
analysis
also
enables
an
examination
of
the
vacuum’s
structure.
By
applying
the
model
to
a
sample
of
galaxies
and
quasars,
it
reveals
a
possible
connection between the CMB and the CIB, as well as discrepancies in the conventional distance estimates to certain quasars. Furthermore, the model suggests possible quantized values of H
0
spaced by 4.17 km s
-1
Mpc
-1
.
The
vacuum
as
a
resonant
network
of
discrete
RLC
cells
not
only
provides
a
physical
derivation
of
the
Wien
and
Hubble
constants,
but
also
implies
that
such
a
deformable
lattice
could
accommodate
local
space-time
curvature
and
expansion. This perspective positions the structured vacuum as a promising framework for bridging cosmology with particle physics.
Citation:
G. A. Moreno, Physics Essays 39, 1, 99-106, 2026. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-39.1.099
. . Paper . .
Topological Derivation of the Fine-Structure Constant from a Discrete BCC Quantum Vacuum Manifold.
A
structured
vacuum
at
the
Planck
scale
not
only
provides
a
framework
consistent
with
standard
physics,
but
also
makes
it
possible
to
attribute
physical
meaning
to
fundamental
constants.
Here,
we
show
that
the
fine-structure
constant
(α)
can
be
represented
within
a
discrete
vacuum
modeled
as
a
body-centered
cubic
(BCC)
lattice
of
resonant
resistance-inductance-capacitance
(RLC)
nodes.
This
framework
allows
α
to
be
expressed
in
terms
of
topological
and
combinatorial
considerations,
based
on
the
lattice
Green’s
function
(Watson
integral)
and
the
information-density
bounds
of
the
local
BCC
environment.
By
evaluating
these
geometric
parameters,
we
calculate
a
theoretical
value
α
=
7.2973525649
×
10
−3
.
This
result
deviates
by
only
0.54σ
from
the
CODATA
2022
recommended
value.
Crucially,
the
model’s
prediction
agrees
with
the
latest
high-precision
determination
from
the
Harvard-Northwestern
electron
magnetic
moment
measurement
to all digits shown, within the quoted uncertainty, placing the present result at the level of current metrological precision.
Citation:
G. A. Moreno, preprint, Zenodo, version 5 (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23737856
. . Paper (preprint) . .
TOPOLOGICAL DERIVATION OF THE FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT FROM A DISCRETE BCC QUANTUM VACUUM
MANIFOLD.
Citation: G. A. Moreno, preprint, Zenodo, version 5 (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23737856
..letter
..PREPRINT
ELECTRON MASS GENERATION FROM A DISCRETE BCC QUANTUM VACUUM MANIFOLD AT THE PLANCK SCALE.
A PREDICTION FOR THE NEWTONIAN CONSTANT OF GRAVITATION.
Citation:
NEXT
A Study of Energy and its Implications.
Space Temporal Structure of Energy.
“Time
is
considered
like
a
flow,
as
a
growing
magnitude
that
advances
inexorably
carrying
every
possible
event,
disappearing
its
trace
and
assuring
its
continuity
through
the
predictable
future.
But
past
and
future
are
not
more
than
unreal
forms, so are they undisputed proofs of the time existence? Can be past and future like energetic instant states inside a characteristic process of energetic variation that we observe as
time passage
?”
The
development
of
the
initial
equations
shows
the
space
like
a
mathematical
way
that
possesses
all
the
necessary
characteristics
for
the
development
and
formation
of
any
observable
real
process.
The
vacuum,
defined
mathematically
through
the
magnitude
length
characterized
by
the
equation
“
s=(Gεμ)∙m
”,
allows
itself
the
existence
of
processess
with
energetic
transmission
as
the
electromagnetic
radiation,
the
formation
of
matter
defined
by
some
properties
as
mass
and
electrical charge across the spatial curvature, and assures the constancy of light velocity with independence from the velocity of the reference system.
The
evolution
of
the
initial
hypotheses
bears
to
the
known
consequences
in
development
of
the
special
relativity
theory
and
relates
general
relativity
with
the
elemental
particles
across
the
spatial
curvature
and
its
relation
with
a
constant
force
value
F=c
4
/G
and
Planck
length,
time,
mass
and
energy
values,
all
implied
in
the
inertial
feature
so
called
mass
and
also
in
the
electrical
charge
property.
The
constant
relation
E/m
=
c
2
is
associated
to
volume
through
the
above
mentioned constant force and tension, and the values already defined by Planck appear interpreted as a "coupling" between length
s=x
and Compton's wave length
λ
according to the deduced equation
λx=Gh/c
3
.
. . Paper . .
ADDITIONAL LINKS:
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. John Huchra [1]. Estimates of the Hubble´s constant.
https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~dfabricant/huchra/
;
https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~dfabricant/huchra/hubble.plot.dat
All material included in this web can be used under source citation.
Thanks for your reading!
Electron mass generation from a discrete BCC quantum vacuum manifold at the Planck scale. A prediction for the Newtonian constant of gravitation. NEXT
We
formulate
a
topological-statistical
mechanism
for
determining
Newton’s
gravitational
constant
G,
building
on
our
previous
topological
representation
of
the
fine-structure
constant
α
within
the
mathematical
framework
of
the
lattice
Green’s
function
(LGF)
for
a
quantum
vacuum
modeled
as
a
body-centered
cubic
(BCC)
lattice
at
the
Planck
scale.
An
extension
of
the
role
of
the
topological
phase
parameter
Φ
entering
the
definition
of
α
in
this
discrete
framework
leads
to
a
proposed
mechanism
for
electron
mass
generation,
analogous
to
the
relation
between
the
nodal
charge
and
the
elementary
electric
charge.
By
inverting
the
resulting
electron-mass
relation
and
using
the
CODATA
2022
values
of
the
fine-
structure
constant
and
the
electron
rest
mass,
we
obtain
G
=
6.674183(20)
×
10
−11
m
3
kg
−1
s
−2
.
These
results
suggest
that
a
structured
vacuum
at
the
Planck
scale
may
provide
not
only
a
framework
conceptually
compatible
with
spacetime
deformation
in
general
relativity
(GR)
and
with
the
charge-coupling
relation
used
in
quantum
electrodynamics
(QED),
but
also
a
topological
mechanism
that
accounts
for
the
universality
of
fundamental
constants
and
intrinsic
particle
properties. Finally, a complementary extension relates the electron rest mass to the masses of the muon and tau leptons.
Citation:
NEXT
. . Paper (preprint) . .