Wellcome
The secret of the Universe is inside the electron.
1. A STUDY OF ENERGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS.
SPACE TEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF ENERGY.
“Time
is
considered
like
a
flow,
as
a
growing
magnitude
that
advances
inexorably
carrying
every
possible
event,
disappearing
its
trace
and
assuring
its
continuity
through
the
predictable
future.
But
past
and
future
are
not
more
than
unreal
forms,
so
are
they
undisputed
proofs
of
the
time
existence?
Can
be
past and future like energetic instant states inside a characteristic process of energetic variation that we observe as
time passage
?”
The
development
of
the
initial
equations
shows
“
spatial
magnitude
”
like
a
mathematical
way
that
possesses
all
the
necessary
characteristics
for
the
development
and
formation
of
any
observable
real
process.
The
emptiness,
defined
mathematically
through
the
length
magnitude
characterized
by
the
equation
“
s=(Gεμ)∙m
”,
allows
itself
the
existence
of
processes
with
energetic
transmission
as
the
electromagnetic
radiation,
the
formation
of
matter
defined
by
some
properties
as
mass
and
electrical
charge
across
the
spatial
curvature,
and
assures
the
constancy
of
light
velocity
with
independence
from
the
velocity of the reference system.
The
evolution
of
the
initial
hypotheses
bears
to
the
known
consequences
in
development
of
the
special
relativity
theory
and
relates
general
relativity
with
the
elemental
particles
across
the
spatial
curvature
and
its
relation
with
a
constant
force
value
F=c
4
/G
and
Planck
space,
time,
mass
and
energy
values,
all
implied
in
the
inertial
feature
so
called
mass
and
also
in
the
electrical
charge
property.
The
relation
E/m
=
c
2
is
associated
to
volume
through
the
above
mentioned
constant
force
and
tension,
and
the
values
already
defined
by
Planck
appear
interpreted
as
a
"coupling"
between
"
s=x
"
and
Compton's
wave
length “
λ
” according to the deduced equation
λx=Gh/c
3
.
“…The
photon
would
remain
trapped
by
the
central
punctual
mass,
only
to
distance
whose
value
will
be
the
associated
space
to
mass:
r=x=mG/c
2
,
which
is independent of the according to Compton formula photon mass.”
“…we
might
consider
their
spatial
magnitudes
by
equivalence
and
so
a
spatial
curvature
with
these
characteristics
would
behave
like
a
photon
trapped
to
distance
“r=x”
from
the
center
of
a
sphere
with
that
radio,
in
which
every
points
which
conform
it
to
the
same
distance
show
a
tension
T`=c
4
/G.
And
mass attribute appears naturally.”
“…mass appears from the coupling mass value (coincident with Planck mass) modulated by the interaction between two forces.”
“…
proper
time
appears
as
a
function
of
temperature
and
entropy
variation
,
and
second
one,
in
natural
processes
transmitted
at
light
velocity,
proper
time does not exist.
”
“…But
we
need
to
employ
time
to
predict
natural
processes
we
observe,
considering
it
consequently
an
undisputed
probe
about
the
existence
of
time.
In
this
way
we
frame
a
useful
entelechy
that
only
exits
from
the
related
to
the
observer
system
point
of
view
to
study
other
inertial
or
non
inertial
external
systems, where time does not exist or it is only an equivalence with energy exchange.”
Even
on
inertial
physical
systems
with
non
entropy
variations
and
constant
velocity,
equivalent
to
resting
systems,
or
on
non
inertial
systems
where
acceleration
exists,
with
equivalences
on
gravity
or
weightlessness
depending
on
direction
of
the
acceleration,
time
does
not
exist,
although
an
external
observer
can
use
the
concept
of
time
to
define
those
frames.
And
in
turn,
one
observer
placed
on
a
system
for
which
proper
time
does
not
exist,
could
use
time to define each other observed external system
.
It
is
only
on
frames
where
an
entropy
variation
occurs,
where
we
can
devise
the
proper
time
concept,
but
considering
distinct
signs
depending
on
signs
of the entropic variation.”
“…Life
is
a
feedback
reaction
that
permits
to
bear
its
increasing
of
entropy
which
tends
to
destroy
the
transmission
of
information
over
time,
first
by
using
energy
to
control
that
entropy
variation,
and
as
a
certain
degradation
limit,
by
using
energy
to
be
opportunely
renewed
into
another
related
system
achieving the survival of the information.
Information fights unconsciously to be transmitted and not be destroyed by probability.
”
- INDEX -
1.- VALIDITY OF DIFFERENTIALS EQUATIONS FOR ENERGY AND MASS FUNCTIONS.
In the study of the hypotheses two integration constants appear: Cm y Ce, and the equations are studied with the inclusion of constant and its consequences.
2.- HIGH MASSES CONSIDERATION.
Development of the theory with the consideration of zero values for integration constants, or situations in which this approximation is useful.
3.- GENERALIZATION OF FORCE IN ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ENERGY, MASS AND ASSOCIATED ESPACE “x”.
Generalization of the force involved in the relation energy, mass, space for any speed value.
4.- STUDY OF THE VELOCITY-TIME FUNCTION.
5.- TERMODINAMIC STUDY OF THE ASSOCIATED TO ENERGY-MASS PROPER TIME.
Application of the hypotheses. Implications time, energy variation and entropy variation.
5.1.-Generalization in complex systems.
Study of the physical meaning of the implications in a macroscopic level.
6.-COUPLING.
Particular conditions of surroundings.
7.- STUDY OF ENERGETIC VALUE AND IMPULSE IMPLICATED IN “m,x” RELATION REFERING TO COUPLING.
Application of the F=c
4
/G value in the previous conditions of surroundings. Value of the unification of forces and energy.
8.-PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE ASSOCIATED SPACE.
Study of the physical meaning of the space implied in the inertial character of mass from the study of the following concepts:
8.1.- Study of the pressure in a isotropic medium defined by its equivalence space-mass.
8.2.-Tension of a string with linear density µ=m/L, on which a wave with speed c is transmitted.
8.3.- Equivalence work-energy-mass.
8.4.- Application to an inertial system with spherical curvature.
9.-PHYSICAL MEANING OF CHARGE AND MASS MAGNITUDES.
Magnitudes charge and mass appear from their coupling values (coincident with Planck mass and an unified charge) modulated by the interaction between two forces.
9.1.- THEORETICAL SUPPORT.
9.2.- QUANTIZATION OF MAGNITUDES.
Paper1 page (PDF)
2. QUANTUM STABILITY OF THE MUON, TAU, ELECTRON LEPTONS IN RELATION TO PLANCK MAGNITUDES AND VACUUM.
QUANTIZATION OF ELECTRIC CHARGE AND MASS.
From the study of the spatial magnitude capacity as a sufficient medium in its relation with the Planck magnitudes in the formation and development of observable and real
processes such as electrical charge and rest mass, the close existing relationships among tau, muon and electron leptonic particles are detailed as well as the definition for tau
and muon as symmetrical components of an orderly mathematical framework defined by spatial relationships, which only permits the formation of some structures by an
only and reproducible way.
The values obtained from the developed theoretical equations for muon and tau leptons rest mass equivalent are:
m(µ)·c
2
=105,65763 62(83) Mev ; m(τ)·c
2
=1778,578 255(140) Mev.
Taking the reference of experimental muon rest mass value due to accuracy in mass measurement, the relative error is e
r
(µ)=0,0000068.
- INDEX -
1.– Quantization of electrical charge.
1.1.– Quantization of electrical charge. Supplementary conditions.
2.– Theoretical support and relation with electron mass.
3.– Tau-muon relationships. Rest mass values calculation and conclusions.
Paper2 page (PDF)
The number of samples obtained for Ho values experimentally measured between year
1996 and the last update of the source
[1]
, are represented on the axis of ordinates.
Experimental values of the Hubble constant, in spite of experimental errors, agglutinate
around the predicted ones by the model, forming domes around the values with peak
points just in theoretical determinations or insinuating this fact.
This representation will be indicative of any global pattern about Ho behaviour, increasing
accuracy by becoming larger the data accumulation despite the existence of inaccuracies
according to experimental measurements, and so constitutes an opened procedure by
prolongation in time. In fact, the existence of the anticipated pattern by the model is
peeked on graph in which Ho insinuates multiple possible quantized values separated by
4,1 Km·s
-1
/Mpc (see table), which coincides closely with the Self Inductive Model
predicted value 4,17 Km·s
-1
/Mpc!!.
Note: - Due to its configuration, the peak number 4 has been considered like a unique unit.
This shape must be revised in subsequent updates. -
3.2. EXPERIMENTAL DATA COMPILATION OF THE HUBBLE CONSTANT. Estimates of the Hubble constant along time.
(Periodically updated)
Experimental data source: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. John Huchra.
https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~dfabricant/huchra/ ; https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~dfabricant/huchra/hubble.plot.dat
3.
SELF INDUCTIVE MODEL. THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF THE HUBBLE CONSTANT AND RELATION WITH CMB AND CIB.
The
cosmological
displacement
of
spectral
lines
observed
between
different
noticeable
cosmic
objects
and
Earth
depends
initially
on
the
relative
speeds
between
them.
The
present
model
sets
out
to
evaluate
the
value
of
the
Hubble
constant
H
o
by
taking
account
of
the
behaviour
of
variable
electric
and
magnetic
fields,
which
shapes
electromagnetic
transmission
to
produce
a
spectral
red-shift.
The
model
deduces
the
new
attribute
vacuum
self-inductance
with
the
form
“
L
o
=
Ω
o
t
p
/2
π
”
.
Likewise,
the
application
of
the
model
to
a
sampling
of
galaxy
and
quasars
leads
to
a
surprising
relationship
between
the
CMB, CIB and the cosmological red-shift, as well as to the discrepancy in the conventional distance to quasars.
(Ω
o
=√(μ
o
/ε
o
) vacuum impedance ; t
p
= Planck time).
Initial
hypotheses
on
electromagnetic
transmission
through
the
vacuum:
1-
The
impedance
of
the
vacuum
(defined
by
its
magnetic
permeability
and
dielectric
constant)
determines
the
behaviour
of
the
transmitted
electromagnetic
wave.
2-
In
certain
physical
systems
there
is
an
opposition
to
the
variation
of magnetic and electric fields. 3- Maxwell's equations and the vacuum impedance magnitude leads to the new magnitude “vacuum self-inductance”.
Many
consequences
follow
from
these
hypotheses,
but
we
will
focus
on
two
to
summarize:
-
There
is
a
very
subtle
opposition
to
the
variation
of
electric
and magnetic fields inherent in the transmission of electromagnetic waves. - The results lead to a reinterpretation of the concept of the Hubble constant.
∙ Galilean Electrodynamics. Vol.19, N.5, pag.83-87, Sept.-Oct.2008.
Paper3 page (PDF)
3.1. THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS COMPARISON.
(Periodically updated)
Experimental source:
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. John Huchra
[1]
.
Estimates of the Hubble´s constant.
Theoretical data source: Self inductive model.
A B S T R A C T S
Email me!
All material included in this web can be used under source citation.
Thanks for your reading!
RELEVANT GONZALO A. MORENO MILESTONES AND DISCOVERIES
- Space-mass equivalence: s=(Gεμ)∙m
Affectionately named: Moreno´s equation.
- Vacuum Self-inductance: L
o
=Ω
o
t
p
/2π
- The theory predicts values of the Hubble Constant separated 4,17 Km·s
-1
/Mpc.
Cosmological redshift as the impedance vacuum consequence.
(Ω
o
=√(μ
o
/ε
o
) vacuum impedance ; t
p
= Planck time).
… more and details in papers …
1.
A STUDY OF ENERGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS.
SPACE TEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF ENERGY.
“Time
is
considered
like
a
flow,
as
a
growing
magnitude
that
advances
inexorably
carrying
every
possible
event,
disappearing
its
trace
and
assuring
its
continuity
through
the
predictable
future.
But
past
and
future
are
not
more
than
unreal
forms,
so
are
they
undisputed
proofs
of
the
time
existence?
Can
be
past
and
future
like
energetic
instant
states
inside
a
characteristic
process
of
energetic
variation
that
we
observe
as
time
passage?”
The
development
of
the
initial
equations
shows
“spatial
magnitude”
like
a
mathematical
way
that
possesses
all
the
necessary
characteristics
for
the
development
and
formation
of
any
observable
real
process.
The
emptiness,
defined
mathematically
through
the
length
magnitude
characterized
by
the
equation
“
s=(Gεμ)∙m
”,
allows
itself
the
existence
of
processes
with
energetic
transmission
as
the
electromagnetic
radiation,
the
formation
of
matter
defined
by
some
properties
as
mass
and
electrical
charge
across
the
spatial
curvature,
and
assures
the
constancy
of
light
velocity
with
independence
from
the
velocity
of
the
reference system.
The
evolution
of
the
initial
hypotheses
bears
to
the
known
consequences
in
development
of
the
special
relativity
theory
and
relates
general
relativity
with
the
elemental
particles
across
the
spatial
curvature
and
its
relation
with
a
constant
force
value
F=c
4
/G
and
Planck
space,
time,
mass
and
energy
values,
all
implied
in
the
inertial
feature
so
called
mass
and
also
in
the
electrical
charge
property.
The
constant
relation
E/m=c
2
is
associated
to
volume
through
the
above
mentioned
constant
force
and
tension,
and
the
values
already
defined
by
Planck
appear
interpreted
as
a
"coupling"
between
"
s=x
"
and
Compton's
wave
length
“
λ
”
according
to the deduced equation
λx=Gh/c
3
.
“…The
photon
would
remain
trapped
by
the
central
punctual
mass,
only
to
distance
whose
value
will
be
the
associated
space
to
mass:
r=x=mG/c
2
,
which
is
independent
of
the
according
to
Compton
formula
photon mass.”
“…we
might
consider
their
spatial
magnitudes
by
equivalence
and
so
a
spatial
curvature
with
these
characteristics
would
behave
like
a
photon
trapped
to
distance
“
r=x
”
from
the
center
of
a
sphere
with
that
radio,
in
which
every
points
which
conform
it
to
the
same
distance
show
a
tension
T`=c
4
/G
.
And
mass
attribute appears naturally.”
“…mass
appears
from
the
coupling
mass
value
(coincident
with
Planck
mass)
modulated
by
the
interaction between two forces.”
“…proper
time
appears
as
a
function
of
temperature
and
entropy
variation,
and
second
one,
in
natural
processes
transmitted
at
light
velocity,
proper
time
does
not exist.”
“…But
we
need
to
employ
time
to
predict
natural
processes
we
observe,
considering
it
consequently
an
undisputed
probe
about
the
existence
of
time.
In
this
way
we
frame
a
useful
entelechy
that
only
exits
from
the
related
to
the
observer
system
point
of
view
to
study
other
inertial
or
non
inertial
external
systems,
where
time
does
not
exist
or
it
is
only
an
equivalence
with
energy
exchange.”
Even
on
inertial
physical
systems
with
non
entropy
variations
and
constant
velocity,
equivalent
to
resting
systems,
or
on
non
inertial
systems
where
acceleration
exists,
with
equivalences
on
gravity
or
weightlessness
depending
on
direction
of
the
acceleration,
time
does
not
exist,
although
an
external
observer
can
use
the
concept
of
time
to
define
those
frames.
And
in
turn,
one
observer
placed
on
a
system
for
which
proper
time
does
not
exist,
could
use
time
to
define
each
other
observed
external
system.
It
is
only
on
frames
where
an
entropy
variation
occurs,
where
we
can
devise
the
proper
time
concept,
but
considering
distinct
signs
depending
on
signs
of
the
entropic variation.”
“…Life
is
a
feedback
reaction
that
permits
to
bear
its
increasing
of
entropy
which
tends
to
destroy
the
transmission
of
information
over
time,
first
by
using
energy
to
control
that
entropy
variation,
and
as
a
certain
degradation
limit,
by
using
energy
to
be
opportunely
renewed
into
another
related
system
achieving
the
survival
of
the
information.
Information
fights
unconsciously
to
be
transmitted
and
not
be
destroyed
by
probability.
”
Paper1 page (PDF)
2.
QUANTUM
STABILITY
OF
THE
MUON,
TAU,
ELECTRON
LEPTONS
IN
RELATION
TO
PLANCK
MAGNITUDES
AND
VACUUM.
QUANTIZATION
OF
ELECTRIC CHARGE AND MASS.
From
the
study
of
the
vacuum
capacity
as
a
sufficient
medium
in
its
relation
with
the
Planck
magnitudes
in
the
formation
and
development
of
observable
and
real
processes
such
as
electrical
charge
and
rest
mass,
the
close
existing
relationships
among
tau,
muon
and
electron
leptonic
particles
are
detailed
as
well
as
the
definition
for
tau
and
muon
as
symmetrical
components
of
an
orderly
body
defined
by
spatial
relations
which
only
permits
the
formation
of
some
structures
by
an
only
and reproducible way.
The
values
obtained
from
the
developed
theoretical
equations
for
muon
and
tau
leptons
rest
mass
equivalent
are:
m(µ)·c
2
=105,65763
62(83)
Mev
;
m(τ)·c
2
=1778,578
255(140)
Mev.
Taking
the
reference
of
experimental
muon
rest
mass
value
due
to
accuracy
in
mass
measuremente,
the
relative error is
“
e
r
(µ)=
0,0000068”.
- INDEX -
1.– Quantization of electrical charge.
1.1.– Quantization of electrical charge. Supplementary
conditions.
2.– Theoretical support and relation with electron mass.
3.– Tau-muon relationships. Rest mass values calculation
and conclusions.
Paper2 page (PDF)
A B S T R A C T S
3.
SELF
INDUCTIVE
MODEL.
THEORETICAL
CALCULATION
OF
THE
HUBBLE
CONSTANT
AND
RELATION WITH CMB AND CIB.
The
cosmological
displacement
of
spectral
lines
observed
between
different
noticeable
cosmic
objects
and
Earth
depends
initially
on
the
relative
speeds
between
them.
The
present
model
sets
out
to
evaluate
the
value
of
the
Hubble
constant
Ho
by
taking
account
of
the
behaviour
of
variable
electric
and
magnetic
fields,
which
shapes
electromagnetic
transmission
to
produce
a
spectral
red-shift.
The
model
deduces
the
new
attribute
vacuum
self-inductance
with
the
form
“
Lo=
Ω
otp/2
π
”
.
Likewise,
the
application
of
the
model
to
a
sampling
of
galaxy
and
quasars
leads
to
a
surprising
relationship
between
the
CMB,
CIB
and
the
cosmological
red-shift,
as
well
as
to
the
discrepancy in the conventional distance to quasars.
(Ωo=√(μ
o
/ε
o
) vacuum impedance ; tp= Planck time).
Initial
hypotheses
on
electromagnetic
transmission
through
the
vacuum:
1-
The
impedance
of
the
vacuum
(defined
by
its
magnetic
permeability
and
dielectric
constant)
determines
the
behaviour
of
the
transmitted
electromagnetic
wave.
2-
In
certain
physical
systems
there
is
an
opposition
to
the
variation
of
magnetic
and
electric
fields.
3-
Maxwell's
equations
and
the
vacuum
impedance
magnitude
leads
to
the
new
magnitude
“vacuum
self-
inductance”.
Many
consequences
follow
from
these
hypotheses,
but
we
will
focus
on
two
to
summarize:
-
There
is
a
very
subtle
opposition
to
the
variation
of
electric
and
magnetic
fields
inherent
in
the
transmission
of
electromagnetic
waves.
-
The
results
lead
to
a
reinterpretation
of
the
concept of the Hubble constant.
∙ Galilean Electrodynamics. Vol.19, N.5, pag.83-87, Sept.-
Oct.2008.
Paper3 page (PDF)
3.1.
THEORETICAL
AND
EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS
COMPARISON.
(Periodically updated)
Experimental
source:
Harvard-Smithsonian
Center
for
Astrophysics.
John
Huchra
[1]
.
Estimates
of
the
Hubble´s
constant.
Theoretical data source:
Self inductive model
.
The
number
of
samples
obtained
for
“Ho”
values
experimentally
measured
between
year
1996
and
the
last
update
of
the
source
[1]
,
are
represented
on
the
axis
of
ordinates.
Experimental
values
of
the
Hubble
constant,
in
spite
of
experimental
errors,
agglutinate
around
the
predicted
ones
by
the
model,
forming
domes
around
the
values
with
peak
points
just
in
theoretical
determinations or insinuating this fact.
3.2.
EXPERIMENTAL
DATA
COMPILATION
OF
THE
HUBBLE
CONSTANT.
Estimates
of
the
Hubble
constant
along
time.
(Periodically updated)
Experimental
data
source:
Harvard-Smithsonian
Center
for Astrophysics. John Huchra
.
https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~dfabricant/huchra/
https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~dfabricant/huchra/hubble.plot.dat
All material included in this web can be used under source citation.
Thanks for your reading!
RELEVANT GONZALO A. MORENO MILESTONES AND
DISCOVERIES
- Space-mass equivalence: s=(Gεμ)∙m
Affectionately named: Moreno´s equation.
- Vacuum Self-inductance: L
o
=Ω
o
t
p
/2π
- The theory predicts values of the Hubble Constant separated
4,17 Km·s
-1
/Mpc.
Cosmological redshift as the vacuum impedance consequence.
(Ω
o
=√(μ
o
/ε
o
) vacuum impedance; t
p
= Planck time).
… more and details in papers …
Email me!
This
representation
will
be
indicative
of
any
global
pattern
about
“Ho”
behaviour,
increasing
accuracy
by
becoming
larger
the
data
accumulation
despite
the
existence
of
inaccuracies
according
to
experimental
measurements,
and
so
constitutes
an
opened
procedure
by
prolongation
in
time.
In
fact,
the
existence
of
the
anticipated
pattern
by
the
model
is
peeked
on
graph
in
which
“Ho”
insinuates
multiple
possible
quantized
values
separated
by
4,1
Km·s
-1
/Mpc
(see
table),
which
coincides
closely
with
the
Self
Inductive Model predicted value
4,17
Km·s
-1
/Mpc!!.
Note:
-
Due
to
its
configuration,
the
peak
number
4
has
been
considered
like
a
unique
unit. This shape must be revised in subsequent updates. -
Welcome
The secret of the Universe is inside the electron.
1. A STUDY OF ENERGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS.
SPACE TEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF ENERGY.
“Time
is
considered
like
a
flow,
as
a
growing
magnitude
that
advances
inexorably
carrying
every
possible
event,
disappearing
its
trace
and
assuring
its
continuity
through
the
predictable
future.
But
past
and
future
are
not
more
than
unreal
forms,
so
are
they
undisputed
proofs
of
the
time
existence?
Can
be
past
and
future
like
energetic
instant
states
inside
a
characteristic
process
of
energetic
variation
that
we
observe
as
time
passage
?”
The
development
of
the
initial
equations
shows
“
spatial
magnitude
“
like
a
mathematical
way
that
possesses
all
the
necessary
characteristics
for
the
development
and
formation
of
any
observable
real
process.
The
emptiness,
defined
mathematically
through
the
length
magnitude
characterized
by
the
equation
“
s=(Gεμ)∙m
”,
allows
itself
the
existence
of
processes
with
energetic
transmission
as
the
electromagnetic
radiation,
the
formation
of
matter
defined
by
some
properties
as
mass
and
electrical
charge
across
the
spatial
curvature,
and
assures
the
constancy
of
light
velocity
with
independence of reference system velocity.
The
evolution
of
the
initial
hypotheses
bears
to
the
known
consequences
in
development
of
the
special
relativity
theory
and
relates
general
relativity
with
the
elemental
particles
across
the
spatial
curvature
and
its
relation
with
a
constant
force
value
F=c
4
/G
and
Planck
space,
time,
mass
and
energy
values,
all
implied
in
the
inertial
feature
so
called
mass
and
also
in
the
electrical
charge
property.
The
constant
relation
E/m
=c
2
is
associated
to
volume
through
the
above
mentioned
constant
force
and
tension,
and
the
values
already
defined
by
Planck
appear
interpreted
as
a
"coupling" between "
s=x
" and Compton's wave length “
λ
” according to the deduced equation
λx=Gh/c
3
.
“…The
photon
would
remain
trapped
by
the
central
punctual
mass,
only
to
distance
whose
value
will
be
the
associated
space
to
mass:
r=x=mG/c
2
,
which is independent of the according to Compton formula photon mass.”
“…we
might
consider
their
spatial
magnitudes
by
equivalence
and
so
a
spatial
curvature
with
these
characteristics
would
behave
like
a
photon
trapped
to
distance
“r=x”
from
the
center
of
a
sphere
with
that
radio,
in
which
every
points
which
conform
it
to
the
same
distance
show
a
tension
T`=c
4
/G. And mass attribute appears naturally.”
“…mass appears from the coupling mass value (coincident with Planck mass) modulated by the interaction between two forces.”
“…
proper
time
appears
as
a
function
of
temperature
and
entropy
variation
,
and
second
one,
in
natural
processes
transmitted
at
light
velocity,
proper time does not exist.
”
“…But
we
need
to
employ
time
to
predict
natural
processes
we
observe,
considering
it
consequently
an
undisputed
probe
about
the
existence
of
time.
In
this
way
we
frame
a
useful
entelechy
that
only
exits
from
the
related
to
the
observer
system
point
of
view
to
study
other
inertial
or
non
inertial external systems, where time does not exist or it is only an equivalence with energy exchange.”
Even
on
inertial
physical
systems
with
non
entropy
variations
and
constant
velocity,
equivalent
to
resting
systems,
or
on
non
inertial
systems
where
acceleration
exists,
with
equivalences
on
gravity
or
weightlessness
depending
on
direction
of
the
acceleration,
time
does
not
exist,
although
an
external
observer
can
use
the
concept
of
time
to
define
those
frames.
And
in
turn,
one
observer
placed
on
a
system
for
which
proper
time
does
not
exist, could use time to define each other observed external system
.
It
is
only
on
frames
where
an
entropy
variation
occurs,
where
we
can
devise
the
proper
time
concept,
but
considering
distinct
signs
depending
on
signs of the entropic variation.”
“…Life
is
a
feedback
reaction
that
permits
to
bear
its
increasing
of
entropy
which
tends
to
destroy
the
transmission
of
information
over
time,
first
by
using
energy
to
control
that
entropy
variation,
and
as
a
certain
degradation
limit,
by
using
energy
to
be
opportunely
renewed
into
another
related
system
achieving
the
survival
of
the
information.
Information
fights
unconsciously
to
be
transmitted
and
not
be
destroyed
by
probability.
”
- INDEX -
1.- VALIDITY OF DIFFERENTIALS EQUATIONS FOR ENERGY AND MASS FUNCTIONS.
In the study of the hypotheses two integration constants appear: Cm y Ce, and the equations are studied with the inclusion of constant and its consequences.
2.- HIGH MASSES CONSIDERATION.
Development of the theory with the consideration of zero values for integration constants, or situations in which this approximation is useful.
3.- GENERALIZATION OF FORCE IN ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ENERGY, MASS AND ASSOCIATED ESPACE “x”.
Generalization of the force involved in the relation energy, mass, space for any speed value.
4.- STUDY OF THE VELOCITY-TIME FUNCTION.
5.- TERMODINAMIC STUDY OF THE ASSOCIATED TO ENERGY-MASS PROPER TIME.
Application of the hypotheses. Implications time, energy variation and entropy variation.
5.1.-Generalization in complex systems.
Study of the physical meaning of the implications in a macroscopic level.
6.-COUPLING.
Particular conditions of surroundings.
7.- STUDY OF ENERGETIC VALUE AND IMPULSE IMPLICATED IN “m,x” RELATION REFERING TO COUPLING.
Application of the F=c
4
/G value in the previous conditions of surroundings. Value of the unification of forces and energy.
8.-PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE ASSOCIATED SPACE.
Study of the physical meaning of the space implied in the inertial character of mass from the study of the following concepts:
8.1.- Study of the pressure in a isotropic medium defined by its equivalence space-mass.
8.2.-Tension of a string with linear density µ=m/L, on which a wave with speed c is transmitted.
8.3.- Equivalence work-energy-mass.
8.4.- Application to an inertial system with spherical curvature.
9.-PHYSICAL MEANING OF CHARGE AND MASS MAGNITUDES.
Magnitudes charge and mass appear from their coupling values (coincident with Planck mass and an unified charge) modulated by the interaction between two
forces.
9.1.- THEORETICAL SUPPORT.
9.2.- QUANTIZATION OF MAGNITUDES.
Paper1 page (PDF)
2. QUANTUM STABILITY OF THE MUON, TAU, ELECTRON LEPTONS IN RELATION TO PLANCK MAGNITUDES AND
VACUUM. QUANTIZATION OF ELECTRIC CHARGE AND MASS.
From the study of the vacuum capacity as a sufficient medium in its relation with the Planck magnitudes in the formation and development of
observable and real processes such as electrical charge and rest mass, the close existing relationships among tau, muon and electron leptonic
particles are detailed as well as the definition for tau and muon as symmetrical components of an orderly body defined by spatial relations which
only permits the formation of some structures by an only and reproducible way.
The values obtained from the developed theoretical equations for muon and tau leptons rest mass equivalent are:
m(µ)·c
2
=105,65763 62(83) Mev ; m(τ)·c
2
=1778,578 255(140) Mev.
Taking the reference of experimental muon rest mass value due to accuracy in mass measurement, the relative error is e
r
(µ)=0,0000068.
- INDEX -
1.– Quantization of electrical charge.
1.1.– Quantization of electrical charge. Supplementary conditions.
2.– Theoretical support and relation with electron mass.
3.– Tau-muon relationships. Rest mass values calculation and conclusions.
Paper2 page (PDF)
3. SELF INDUCTIVE MODEL. THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF THE HUBBLE CONSTANT AND RELATION WITH CMB
AND CIB.
The
cosmological
displacement
of
spectral
lines
observed
between
different
noticeable
cosmic
objects
and
Earth
depends
initially
on
the
relative
speeds
between
them.
The
present
model
sets
out
to
evaluate
the
value
of
the
Hubble
constant
H
o
by
taking
account
of
the
behaviour
of
variable
electric
and
magnetic
fields,
which
shapes
electromagnetic
transmission
to
produce
a
spectral
red-shift.
The
model
deduces
the
new
attribute
vacuum
self-inductance
with
the
form
“
L
o
=
Ω
o
t
p
/2
π
”
.
Likewise,
the
application
of
the
model
to
a
sampling
of
galaxy
and
quasars
leads
to
a
surprising
relationship
between
the
CMB,
CIB
and
the
cosmological
red-shift,
as
well
as
to
the
discrepancy
in
the
conventional
distance
to
quasars.
(Ω
o
=√(μ
o
/ε
o
) vacuum impedance ; t
p
= Planck time).
Initial
hypotheses
on
electromagnetic
transmission
through
the
vacuum:
1-
The
impedance
of
the
vacuum
(defined
by
its
magnetic
permeability
and
dielectric
constant)
determines
the
behaviour
of
the
transmitted
electromagnetic
wave.
2-
In
certain
physical
systems
there
is
an
opposition
to
the
variation
of
magnetic
and
electric
fields.
3-
Maxwell's
equations
and
the
vacuum
impedance
magnitude
leads
to
the
new
magnitude
“vacuum
self-inductance”.
Many
consequences
follow
from
these
hypotheses,
but
we
will
focus
on
two
to
summarize:
-
There
is
a
very
subtle
opposition
to
the
variation
of
electric
and
magnetic
fields
inherent
in
the
transmission
of
electromagnetic
waves.
-
The
results
lead
to
a
reinterpretation
of
the
concept
of
the
Hubble constant.
∙ Galilean Electrodynamics. Vol.19, N.5, pag.83-87, Sept.-Oct.2008.
Paper3 page (PDF)
3.1. THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS COMPARISON.
(Periodically updated)
Experimental source: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. John Huchra [1]. Estimates of the Hubble´s constant.
Theoretical data source: Self inductive model.
The number of samples obtained for Ho values experimentally
measured between year 1996 and the last update of the source
[1]
,
are represented on the axis of ordinates. Experimental values of the
Hubble constant, in spite of experimental errors, agglutinate around
the predicted ones by the model, forming domes around the values
with peak points just in theoretical determinations or insinuating
this fact.
This representation will be indicative of any global pattern about
Ho behaviour, increasing accuracy by becoming larger the data
accumulation despite the existence of inaccuracies according to
experimental measurements, and so constitutes an opened
procedure by prolongation in time. In fact, the existence of the
anticipated pattern by the model is peeked on graph in which Ho
insinuates multiple possible quantized values separated by 4,1
Km·s
-1
/Mpc (see table), which coincides closely with the Self
Inductive Model predicted value 4,17 Km·s
-1
/Mpc!!.
Note: - Due to its configuration, the peak number 4 has been
considered like a unique unit. This shape must be revised in
subsequent updates. -
3.2. EXPERIMENTAL DATA COMPILATION OF THE HUBBLE CONSTANT. Estimates of the Hubble constant along time.
(Periodically updated)
Experimental data source: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. John Huchra.
https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~dfabricant/huchra/ ; https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~dfabricant/huchra/hubble.plot.dat
Welcome
The secret of the Universe is inside the electron.
A B S T R A C T S
Email me!
RELEVANT GONZALO A. MORENO MILESTONES AND DISCOVERIES
- Space-mass equivalence: s=(Gεμ)∙m
Affectionately named: Moreno´s equation.
- Vacuum Self-inductance: L
o
=Ω
o
t
p
/2π
- The theory predicts values of the Hubble Constant separated 4,17 Km·s
-1
/Mpc.
Cosmological redshift as the vacuum impedance consequence.
(Ω
o
=√(μ
o
/ε
o
) vacuum impedance ; t
p
= Planck time).
… more and details in papers …
1. A STUDY OF ENERGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS.
SPACE TEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF ENERGY.
“Time
is
considered
like
a
flow,
as
a
growing
magnitude
that
advances
inexorably
carrying
every
possible
event,
disappearing
its
trace
and
assuring
its
continuity
through
the
predictable
future.
But
past
and
future
are
not
more
than
unreal
forms, so are they undisputed proofs of the time existence? Can be past and future like energetic instant states inside a characteristic process of energetic variation that we observe as
time passage
?”
The
development
of
the
initial
equations
shows
“
spatial
magnitude
”
like
a
mathematical
way
that
possesses
all
the
necessary
characteristics
for
the
development
and
formation
of
any
observable
real
process.
The
emptiness,
defined
mathematically
through
the
length
magnitude
characterized
by
the
equation
“
s=(Gεμ)∙m
”,
allows
itself
the
existence
of
processes
with
energetic
transmission
as
the
electromagnetic
radiation,
the
formation
of
matter
defined
by
some
properties as mass and electrical charge across the spatial curvature, and assures the constancy of light velocity with independence from the velocity of the reference system.
The
evolution
of
the
initial
hypotheses
bears
to
the
known
consequences
in
development
of
the
special
relativity
theory
and
relates
general
relativity
with
the
elemental
particles
across
the
spatial
curvature
and
its
relation
with
a
constant
force
value
F=c
4
/G
and
Planck
space,
time,
mass
and
energy
values,
all
implied
in
the
inertial
feature
so
called
mass
and
also
in
the
electrical
charge
property.
The
relation
E/m
=
c
2
is
associated
to
volume
through
the
above
mentioned
constant force and tension, and the values already defined by Planck appear interpreted as a "coupling" between "
s=x
" and Compton's wave length “
λ
” according to the deduced equation
λx=Gh/c
3
.
“…The photon would remain trapped by the central punctual mass, only to distance whose value will be the associated space to mass: r=x=mG/c
2
,
which is independent of the according to Compton formula photon mass.”
“…we
might
consider
their
spatial
magnitudes
by
equivalence
and
so
a
spatial
curvature
with
these
characteristics
would
behave
like
a
photon
trapped
to
distance
“r=x”
from
the
center
of
a
sphere
with
that
radio,
in
which
every
points
which conform it to the same distance show a tension T`=c
4
/G. And mass attribute appears naturally.”
“…mass appears from the coupling mass value (coincident with Planck mass) modulated by the interaction between two forces.”
“…
proper time appears as a function of temperature and entropy variation
, and second one, in natural
processes transmitted at light velocity, proper time does not exist.
”
“…But
we
need
to
employ
time
to
predict
natural
processes
we
observe,
considering
it
consequently
an
undisputed
probe
about
the
existence
of
time.
In
this
way
we
frame
a
useful
entelechy
that
only
exits
from
the
related
to
the
observer
system point of view to study other inertial or non inertial external systems, where time does not exist or it is only an equivalence with energy exchange.”
Even
on
inertial
physical
systems
with
non
entropy
variations
and
constant
velocity,
equivalent
to
resting
systems,
or
on
non
inertial
systems
where
acceleration
exists,
with
equivalences
on
gravity
or
weightlessness
depending
on
direction
of
the
acceleration,
time
does
not
exist,
although
an
external
observer
can
use
the
concept
of
time
to
define
those
frames.
And
in
turn,
one
observer
placed
on
a
system
for
which
proper
time
does
not
exist,
could
use
time
to
define
each
other
observed external system
.
It is only on frames where an entropy variation occurs, where we can devise the proper time concept, but considering distinct signs depending on signs of the entropic variation.”
“…Life
is
a
feedback
reaction
that
permits
to
bear
its
increasing
of
entropy
which
tends
to
destroy
the
transmission
of
information
over
time,
first
by
using
energy
to
control
that
entropy
variation,
and
as
a
certain
degradation
limit,
by
using energy to be opportunely renewed into another related system achieving the survival of the information.
Information fights unconsciously to be transmitted and not be destroyed by probability.
”
- INDEX -
1.- VALIDITY OF DIFFERENTIALS EQUATIONS FOR ENERGY AND MASS FUNCTIONS.
In the study of the hypotheses two integration constants appear: Cm y Ce, and the equations are studied with the inclusion of constant and its consequences.
2.- HIGH MASSES CONSIDERATION.
Development of the theory with the consideration of zero values for integration constants, or situations in which this approximation is useful.
3.- GENERALIZATION OF FORCE IN ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ENERGY, MASS AND ASSOCIATED ESPACE “x”.
Generalization of the force involved in the relation energy, mass, space for any speed value.
4.- STUDY OF THE VELOCITY-TIME FUNCTION.
5.- TERMODINAMIC STUDY OF THE ASSOCIATED TO ENERGY-MASS PROPER TIME.
Application of the hypotheses. Implications time, energy variation and entropy variation.
5.1.-Generalization in complex systems.
Study of the physical meaning of the implications in a macroscopic level.
6.-COUPLING.
Particular conditions of surroundings.
7.- STUDY OF ENERGETIC VALUE AND IMPULSE IMPLICATED IN “m,x” RELATION REFERING TO COUPLING.
Application of the F=c
4
/G value in the previous conditions of surroundings. Value of the unification of forces and energy.
8.-PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE ASSOCIATED SPACE.
Study of the physical meaning of the space implied in the inertial character of mass from the study of the following concepts:
8.1.- Study of the pressure in a isotropic medium defined by its equivalence space-mass.
8.2.-Tension of a string with linear density µ=m/L, on which a wave with speed c is transmitted.
8.3.- Equivalence work-energy-mass.
8.4.- Application to an inertial system with spherical curvature.
9.-PHYSICAL MEANING OF CHARGE AND MASS MAGNITUDES.
Magnitudes charge and mass appear from their coupling values (coincident with Planck mass and an unified charge) modulated by the interaction between two forces.
9.1.- THEORETICAL SUPPORT.
9.2.- QUANTIZATION OF MAGNITUDES.
Paper1 page (PDF)
A B S T R A C T S
2. QUANTUM STABILITY OF THE MUON, TAU, ELECTRON LEPTONS IN RELATION TO PLANCK MAGNITUDES AND VACUUM. QUANTIZATION OF ELECTRIC CHARGE AND MASS.
From the study of the spatial magnitude capacity as a sufficient medium in its relation with the Planck magnitudes in the formation and development of observable and real processes such as electrical charge and rest mass, the close
existing relationships among tau, muon and electron leptonic particles are detailed as well as the definition for tau and muon as symmetrical components of an orderly mathematical framework defined by spatial relationships, which only
permits the formation of some structures by an only and reproducible way.
The values obtained from the developed theoretical equations for muon and tau leptons rest mass equivalent are:
m(µ)·c
2
=105,65763 62(83) Mev ; m(τ)·c
2
=1778,578 255(140) Mev.
Taking the reference of experimental muon rest mass value due to accuracy in mass measurement, the relative error is e
r
(µ)=0,0000068.
- INDEX -
1.– Quantization of electrical charge.
1.1.– Quantization of electrical charge. Supplementary conditions.
2.– Theoretical support and relation with electron mass.
3.– Tau-muon relationships. Rest mass values calculation and conclusions.
Paper2 page (PDF)
3. SELF INDUCTIVE MODEL. THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF THE HUBBLE CONSTANT AND RELATION WITH CMB AND CIB.
The
cosmological
displacement
of
spectral
lines
observed
between
different
noticeable
cosmic
objects
and
Earth
depends
initially
on
the
relative
speeds
between
them.
The
present
model
sets
out
to
evaluate
the
value
of
the
Hubble
constant
Ho
by
taking
account
of
the
behaviour
of
variable
electric
and
magnetic
fields,
which
shapes
electromagnetic
transmission
to
produce
a
spectral
red-shift.
The
model
deduces
the
new
attribute
vacuum
self-inductance
with
the
form
“
Lo=
Ω
otp/2
π
”
.
Likewise,
the
application
of
the
model
to
a
sampling
of
galaxy
and
quasars
leads
to
a
surprising
relationship
between
the
CMB,
CIB
and
the
cosmological
red-shift,
as
well
as
to
the
discrepancy
in
the
conventional
distance
to quasars.
(Ω
o
=√(μ
o
/ε
o
) vacuum impedance ; t
p
= Planck time).
Initial
hypotheses
on
electromagnetic
transmission
through
the
vacuum:
1-
The
impedance
of
the
vacuum
(defined
by
its
magnetic
permeability
and
dielectric
constant)
determines
the
behaviour
of
the
transmitted
electromagnetic
wave.
2- In certain physical systems there is an opposition to the variation of magnetic and electric fields. 3- Maxwell's equations and the vacuum impedance magnitude leads to the new magnitude “vacuum self-inductance”.
Many
consequences
follow
from
these
hypotheses,
but
we
will
focus
on
two
to
summarize:
-
There
is
a
very
subtle
opposition
to
the
variation
of
electric
and
magnetic
fields
inherent
in
the
transmission
of
electromagnetic
waves.
-
The
results lead to a reinterpretation of the concept of the Hubble constant.
∙ Galilean Electrodynamics. Vol.19, N.5, pag.83-87, Sept.-Oct.2008.
Paper3 page (PDF)
3.1. THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS COMPARISON.
(Periodically updated)
Experimental source:
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. John Huchra
[1]
.
Estimates of the Hubble´s constant.
Theoretical data source: Self inductive model.
The number of samples obtained for Ho values experimentally measured between year 1996 and the last update of the source
[1]
, are represented
on the axis of ordinates. Experimental values of the Hubble constant, in spite of experimental errors, agglutinate around the predicted ones by
the model, forming domes around the values with peak points just in theoretical determinations or insinuating this fact.
This representation will be indicative of any global pattern about Ho behaviour, increasing accuracy by becoming larger the data accumulation
despite the existence of inaccuracies according to experimental measurements, and so constitutes an opened procedure by prolongation in time.
In fact, the existence of the anticipated pattern by the model is peeked on graph in which Ho insinuates multiple possible quantized values
separated by 4,1 Km·s
-1
/Mpc (see table), which coincides closely with the Self Inductive Model predicted value 4,17 Km·s
-1
/Mpc!!.
Note: - Due to its configuration, the peak number 4 has been considered like a unique unit. This shape must be revised in subsequent updates. -
3.2. EXPERIMENTAL DATA COMPILATION OF THE HUBBLE CONSTANT. Estimates of the Hubble constant along time.
(Periodically updated)
Experimental data source: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. John Huchra.
https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~dfabricant/huchra/ ; https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~dfabricant/huchra/hubble.plot.dat
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RELEVANT GONZALO A. MORENO MILESTONES AND DISCOVERIES
- Space-mass equivalence: s=(Gεμ)∙m
Affectionately named: Moreno´s equation.
- Vacuum Self-inductance: L
o
=Ω
o
t
p
/2π
- The theory predicts values of the Hubble Constant separated 4,17 Km·s
-1
/Mpc.
Cosmological redshift as the vacuum impedance consequence.
(Ω
o
=√(μ
o
/ε
o
) vacuum impedance ; t
p
= Planck time).
… more and details in papers …
